Mercator's world map of 1569 was useful to navigators at the time because it is conformal (preserving angles) even over long distances. You could draw a line between source and destination, read off the constant bearing, and point your ship in that direction for days or weeks, and you'd arrive at your destination. This line is called a "rhumb line", or (and I love this word) a "loxodrome".
Rhumb lines are absolutely not the shortest route between two points. That would be a great circle route, but computing a great circle requires spherical trigonometry, which is something that navigators were loath to mess with (as your bearing changes over the course of traversing a great circle, so it requires constant attention). Great circles have certainly been used by navigators for a long time, particularly in aviation where carrying your fuel is a factor. Now of course, ubiquitous computing and GPS makes great circles easy, and rhumb lines are just a historical curiosity.
But because of the properties of Mercator being coincidentally convenient for online maps, we find ourselves back in the 16th Century with a default projection that is frankly bad at large scales.
#Maps #Cartography